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1 TIMOTHY - Chapter 6
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CHAPTER VI.
Ver. 1-2.
Lest the name and doctrine of the Lord be blasphemed, or ill spoken of by infidels, when such as were converted refused
to be servants. --- Let them not despise them, &c. That is, they who were servants under Christian masters, ought
to think themselves more happy on that account, being brethren, and partakers of the same benefit of faith and grace.
(Witham) --- If servants be insolent and disobedient, their infidel masters will blaspheme the Christian religion, as if that
were the cause of their disrespectful behaviour. And let them not be arrogant, or aspire to an equality with their Christian
masters, under pretence that the profession of the same religion makes them brothers; but rather serve them with greater submission
and affection, as partakers of the benefit of the same faith, the same baptism, the same hope, &c. (Calmet)
Ver. 4. But
sick about questions,[1] unprofitable disputes, blasphemies, which may either signify against God, or railing one
against another, conflicts, &c.[2] and dissensions of men corrupted in their minds: such is the character
and description he gives of those ancient heretics, which applies to heretics in general. (Witham)
Ver. 5. Supposing
gain to be piety.[3] The sense is the same, that they make a shew of piety only for gain-sake. (Witham)
Ver. 6. But
piety with sufficiency, or when a man hath what is sufficient to support his necessities, is certainly great gain,
is accompanied with the most valuable advantages, the treasure of a good conscience, peace of mind, the grace of God, and
hereafter a recompense of eternal glory. (Witham) --- That man is certainly rich, however small his possession, if he desire
nothing more below, and aspires eagerly after that blessing above, which alone can fill his heart. Mediocrity is an enviable
state; it frees us from the dangers of riches, and from the temptations of extreme poverty: with this lot let us be content.
Why should we fix our hearts on the fleeting possessions of the day: we had not them yesterday, and to-morrow they will not
be ours; for as we were born so we must die.
Ver. 9. For
they who wish to become rich.[4] He does not say, as St. Chrysostom observes, they who are rich; as persons may be rich,
and make good use of their riches to God's honour, and the good of others. But such as would be rich, who seek riches, and
have their heart and affections upon riches, fall into various temptations of injustice, of pride, and vanity, into hurtful
lusts, which drown and plunge[5] men into perdition, &c. (Witham)
Ver. 10. The
root of all evils is covetousness,[6] or the love of money, as it is in the Greek; a covetous man being ready to sacrifice
his soul for money. (Witham) --- This truth is verified and illustrated by the example of Judas, in the gospel; of Ananias
and Saphira, in the Acts; of Demas, mentioned by St. Paul in his second epistle to Timothy; and many others, who have made
shipwreck of their faith through eagerness to gain riches. Whoever seeks visible and terrestrial goods with great avidity,
cannot be supposed to retain much faith in things that are celestial and invisible. He quits a future real and substantial
good to seek for a delusive happiness that presents itself, but which will prove a source of present and future evils.
Ver. 11. But
thou, O man of God.[7] This, says St. Chrysostom, is one of the highest title and commendations that can be given to any
man. So are called Samuel, Elias, Eliseus. (1 Kings ii and ix.; 3 Kings xxxiii.) (Witham)
Ver. 12. Fight
the good fight. Literally, strive[8] a good strife. St. Paul oftentimes brings this comparison of men striving
for a prize. --- And hast confessed a good confession before many witnesses, not only when baptized, not only when
thou wast ordained a bishop, but by thy constancy and sufferings and persecutions, says St. Chrysostom, though we know not
the particulars. (Witham) --- Timothy had made profession of his faith at his baptism, at his ordination, and during the whole
course of a life which, through many labours and persecutions, had been dedicated entirely to promote the faith. (St. Thomas
Aquinas) --- Like him let us also combat, if we aspire after the same triumph and prize.
Ver. 13. Under
Pontius Pilate, &c. Some expound it of the words and particular testimony Christ gave when he said he was king, but
not of this world, who came to teach the truth. We may rather understand it with others, of all Christ taught and suffered
under Pilate, or whilst he was governor of Judea. (Witham)
Ver. 14. That
thou keep the commandment. Some understand that of fighting manfully; others of loving God; others rather comprehend all
that St. Paul had commanded him, and all the instructions given. --- Unto the coming of our Lord;[9] which coming,
he in due time will shew. This is the construction by the Greek. (Witham) --- This coming will be desirable for Christians
who have preserved or recovered their baptismal innocence, and for pastors who have faithfully fulfilled their ministry; but
terrible, in the extreme, for all who have lived in the constant neglect and omission of their duties.
Ver. 16. Who
only hath immortality; i.e. is immortal of himself, and by his own nature. --- Light inaccessible; to human eyes
or understandings. (Witham)
Ver. 17. Charge
the rich of this world not to confide in such uncertain goods; to strive to be rich in good works; to communicate[10] in lending, assisting, giving to others, by which they will
lay up an everlasting treasure. (Witham)
Ver. 20. O
Timothy, keep that which is committed[11] to thy trust. He does not mean his charge of bishop, nor the graces of
God, but the true and sound doctrine delivered to him either by writing or word of mouth, according to the common interpretation.
See St. Chrysostom, Vincentius Lirinensis, Commonitorii, chap. xvii. This is confirmed by the following words, avoiding
the profane novelties[12] of words: (in the Greek empty, vain, babbling). The apostle here condemns new words,
which change the doctrine; but sometimes to express the ancient doctrine, new words may be found necessary, as those of trinity,
incarnation, consubstantiality, transubstantiation, &c. as St. Athanasius, St. Augustine, and others observed. See 2 Timothy
i. 14. --- Oppositions of knowledge falsely so[13] called. St. Chrysostom understands in particular the errors
of the Gnostics, so called from the same Greek word, who were the successors of Simon Magus. But they perhaps not having the
name when St. Paul wrote, we may rather understand heretics in general, who all pretend to an uncommon knowledge in Scriptures,
when they follow their own private judgment, and so fall from the faith. (Witham) --- Keep the deposit, viz. of
faith, which has been committed to thee. Throughout this whole epistle the apostle beseeches Timothy, in the most earnest
manner, as a guardian of the faith, to preserve it without change. He every where condemns sects, heresies, and changes in
faith. It would be well for the modern religionists, to inform us and themselves, why St. Paul is so particular in insisting
upon union of faith, under pain of damnation, if it was the intention of Christ that men should differ on questions
of religion. Let them tell us what St. Paul means, or else say plainly that they differ from the apostle's religion, and have
formed theirs upon a more liberal scale. (Haydock)
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[1] Ver. 4. Languens, noson. Ęgrotans; Erasmus, insaniens.
[2] Ver. 4. Conflictationes, paradiatribai, exercitationes.
[3] Ver. 5. Existimantes quęstum esse pietatem, porismon einai
ten eusebeian. In the ordinary Greek copies follows, aphistato apo ton toiouton, and so the Protestant
translation, from which withdraw thyself. But Grotius and Dr. Wells leave them out, preferring those manuscripts that agree
with the Latin Vulgate and with the Syriac.
[4] Ver. 9. Qui volunt divites fieri, oi boulomenoi.
St. Chrysostom, (log. iz. p. 321.) ouk aplos eipen, oi ploutountes, all oi boulomenoi.
[5] Ver. 9. Mergunt, buthizousi.
[6] Ver. 10. Cupiditas, philarguria, amor pecunię.
[7] Ver. 11. O homo Dei. See St. Chrysostom, (log. iz. p.
321.) mega axioma, &c. magna dignitas, &c.
[8] Ver. 12. Certa bonum certamen, agonizou ton kalon agona,
which may be by running as well as by fighting.
[9] Ver. 14. Usque ad Adventum Domini, quem, &c. mechri
tes epiphaneias...en, not on, and so must agree with adventum.
[10] Ver. 17. Communicare, koinonikous. See koinonein,
Romans xii. &c.
[11] Ver. 20. Depositum custodi, ten parakatatheken phulaxon.
See St. Chrysostom on these words.
[12] Ver. 20. Profanas vocum novitates; though all the Greek copies
have now kenophonias, vocum inanitates: the Latin interpreter must have read, kainophonias.
[13] Ver. 20. Falsi nominis scientię, pseudonuma gnoseos.
St. Chrysostom, (log. ie.) tines eautous ekaloun tote Gnostikous.
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